Concept Analysis Walker And Avant - 1031 Words

Concept has been defined as â€Å"symbolic statement describing a phenomena or class of phenomena (Kim, 2000,p.15). It can be theoretical or non theoretical like hope, love and desire or body temperature, pain (McEwen Willis, 2011) the words like grief, empathy, power, job satisfaction or a phrase like health promoting behaviors or maternal attachment. Concept analysis refers to the rigorous process of bringing clarity to the definition of the concept used in science (McEwen Willis, p, 51). According to McEwen (2011), the purpose of concept analysis is to clarify, recognize, and define concepts that describe phenomena. Method of analysis There are several methods of analyzing the concepts. The purpose of concept analysis is to help the nurses to identify the trends and development in patient care. In depth analysis of these trends and developments helps to formulate measures to provide holistic patient care (â€Å"Grand canyon university†2013). Walker and Avant introduced the process of concept analysis in nursing in 1983.Walker and Avant (2005). They are concept analysis; concept synthesis and concept derivation explained three different processes to analyze the concept in nursing. According to McEwen (2011) Walker and Avant use concept analysis to clarify meanings of terms and define concepts with an excepted outcome of readers and writers communicating in a common language. The Walker and Avant’s method used in the concept analysis of concept of teamwork. Teamwork isShow MoreRelatedConcept Analysis : Walker And Avant1499 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many concepts in nursing theory that need furt her clarification. A concept analysis can provide a thorough explanation of a term in nursing theory that will help healthcare professionals better communicate. The Walker and Avant approach to perform a concept analysis was specifically formulated with nurses in mind (McEwen Wills, 2014). Walker and Avant proposed a concept analysis be used to further understand the meaning of a term or concept in anticipation that those using the term wouldRead MoreFlorence Nightingales Environmental Theory1400 Words   |  6 Pageslaws, nursing as a calling, nursing as both science and art, and nursing being different from medicine. Her major concepts included house health, personal cleanliness, chattering hopes and advices, among others. Nightingale saw the need to configure the environmental settings addressing the importance of fresh air, clean water, proper drainage and light. Cleanliness: Concept Analysis Despite our outstanding material, the world is full of many social conflicts. The human race is lacking essentialRead MoreConcept Analysis In Nursing1158 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of Concept Analysis to Practice In recent years there has been a movement in nursing to further understand the many terms (concepts) that are used. Concepts in nursing often seem vague or appear to have ambiguous meanings. For the purpose of this paper, we will take a deeper look at one specific concept, emotional intelligence, and examine a peer reviewed article that utilizes the Walker and Avant method to deconstruct the meaning. Emotional intelligence is asks the nurse to look atRead MoreA Concept Analysis On Compassion Fatigue1647 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose The purpose of conducting a concept analysis is to divide the components of a concept into separate individual parts for evaluation and clarification. Analysis of the internal structure, defining aspects, characteristics and interrelationships to the other components can be achieved by conducting a concept analysis. The basic purpose is a process to discover the similarities and differences between concepts (Walker Avant, 2005). The intent of the concept analysis on the subject of compassion fatigueRead MoreApplication Of Concept Analysis For Clinical Practice1149 Words   |  5 PagesApplication of concept analysis to clinical practice The concept has been defined as â€Å"symbolic statement describing a phenomena or class of phenomena â€Å"(Kim, 2000,p.15). It can be theoretical or non theoretical like hope, love and desire or body temperature, pain (McEwen Willis, 2011) the words like grief, empathy, power, job satisfaction or a phrase like health promoting behaviors or maternal attachment. Concept analysis mentions to the laborious process of bringing clarity to the definition ofRead MoreOrganizational Culture Within A Hospital Setting1693 Words   |  7 Pagespredicator of success. Purpose of the Concept Analysis Concept analysis helps to clarify vague or ambiguous concepts. It is a process to examine the structure and function of a concept (Walker Avant, 2011). There are numerous definitions and meanings of organizational culture in the literature. The purpose of this concept analysis paper is to develop a conceptual definition of Organizational Culture within a hospital setting. Historical Perspective of the Concept and Current Uses A thorough integratedRead MoreFamily Centered Care : A Concept Analysis Essay878 Words   |  4 Pages A Concept Analysis Jessica Giangrande, RN, BSN Georgia Southern University (intro) â€Å"Family-centered care† is a term heard often in healthcare settings and in nursing practice. Family-centered care has been recognized as being an integral part to patient health, satisfaction and health care quality (Kuo, et al, 2012). Family-centered care is implemented with the goal to increase partnerships between, families, patients and providers; and has been prioritized as a core-concept ofRead MoreConcept Analysis : Nursing Analysis1658 Words   |  7 PagesConcept Nursing Analysis The meaning of concept analysis is how nursing â€Å"explores the meaning of concepts to promote understanding† (McEwen, Wills, 2010). Pain continues to be a common problem within health care and one of the most treat problems when seeking medical treatment. The concept analysis consist of several steps to complete the process. The steps of the concept analysis are as follows: â€Å"1. select the concept 2. Determine the aims or purpose of analysis 3. Identify all the uses of theRead MoreConcept Analysis Critique of Homophobia in Nursing Essay3391 Words   |  14 Pagesanalysis critiqueRunning Head: CONCEPT ANALYSIS CRITIQUE Concept Analysis Critique of Christensen’s Homophobia in Nursing Using Walker and Avant’s Framework NUR 701-90 Nursing Theory The Sage Colleges Lori Ciafardoni-Hawkes RN, MSN/MEd November 17, 2010 Concept Analysis Critique of Christensen’s Homophobia in Nursing Using Walker and Avant’s Framework Introduction Concept analysis is discussed by Walker and Avant (2005) as a way to describe phenomena in nursing practice, as it â€Å"allowsRead MoreThe Fundamental Concept Of Trust1487 Words   |  6 Pages Since the introduction of concept analysis by Walker and Avant, theorists have stated its importance to nursing theory (Reed Crawford Shearer, 2012, p. 274). Trust is an essential concept in nursing, and has gained its importance both clinically and organizationally (McCabe Sambrook, 2014, p. 816). Trust it is an important feature of the nurse-patient relationship and is based on a dynamic process (McCabe Sambrook, 2014, p. 816). Structurally, trust is associated with various outcomes and

IPT Marketing Technology Free Essays

Once IPT’s website is complete, the company will have a fantastic opportunity to use several simple tools in order to capture data on its customer base. An online sign-up form in which customers input key data along with their Email address will be instrumental in fine-tuning marketing efforts which target specific markets. Permission-based Email marketing will involve sending promotional messages to the list of addresses in the database at least once monthly. We will write a custom essay sample on IPT Marketing Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Asking all customers to complete a short, online survey form after placement of an order or at various random times as consumers are browsing the site will direct IPT’s efforts to create a more satisfactory experience for the customer from a service standpoint. The website can also be configured to provide an online ordering system for commercial customers, making it easier and more convenient for them to place orders. Spreadsheets can also be used in conjunction with existing sales software. By assigning customer numbers and tracking purchases, IPT will be able to determine its best customers in terms of buying frequency and dollar amounts. Spreadsheets can be created to track the spending habits of retail, corporate and wholesale customers as well as show trends relating to business levels throughout the year, also known as a â€Å"recency frequency monetary value† tool (Alexander, 2007). In this way, IPT will have a strong foundation on which to base marketing promotions after a year or less of tracking. Creating a database of information from each customer will also aid in retention of loyal customers. CRM principles are based on a foundation of knowing the customer at the most intimate level possible and then using this information to align benefits with consumer needs (Alexander, 2007). As IPT expands geographically, the purchase of CRM software specifically designed to be used in a networked system will be a necessity. Such software will also contain report-building features so that IPT is able to analyze the data in several different ways. Eventually, IPT will want to develop its own, unique loyalty program with incentives offered to its top percentage of customers. Incentives do not need to be monetary-based, but can be as simple as tracking occasions when the customer may want to send gifts, such as relative’s birthdays, etc. References Alexander, Peter (July, 2007). â€Å"Use Data to Build Customer Loyalty†. Retrieved February 5, 2008 from the Entrepreneur.com Website: http://www.entrepreneur.com/technology/techtrendscolumnistpeteralexander/article182362.html.    How to cite IPT Marketing Technology, Essay examples

To what extent can dramatic comedy offer serious criticisms of contemporary social conventions Discuss with reference to ‘Pygmalion’, by George Bernard Shaw free essay sample

George Bernard Shaw uses dramatic comedy to criticise the mannerisms and conventions of Victorian society. He uses certain aspects of comedy to make serious criticisms of society and its views. This becomes very apparent in how George Bernard presents certain characters to draw attention to the serious point of how society conducts itself in this context. In the first act of ‘Pygmalion’ Shaw presents the Daughter as being ignorant towards society. She is insulting and unfavourable towards Freddie, she says ‘you selfish pig’ because he cannot find her a cab. Eliza is mistaken for a prostitute by The Mother and is stereotyped as a typical Flower Girl. She often says on several occasions, ‘I’m a good girl I am’ and Shaw uses Eliza to criticise society’s opinions on the working class. There is a contrast between the Daughter and Eliza, as although the Daughter is in a higher class than Eliza in society, the Daughter is very ill mannered towards society where as Eliza is only criticised for her appalling accent. Shaw uses Higgins to criticise the working class, this is conveyed through the humiliation of Eliza when he mocks her accent. His views on Eliza and her dialect is arrogant and portentous, he describes her as having ‘no right to live’ and as ‘crooning like a bilious pigeon’. Shaw uses the character Higgins to reflect the attitudes of the patriarchal society in the context of the play. In the second act Shaw uses the roles of Mrs Pearce and Doolittle to criticise Higgins’ attitude towards the working class. Although Mrs Pearce is a servant she has an important role as she is wise and sensible, she says ‘oh don’t say that†¦to do anything foolish’, she predicts that something may happen later on. She shows us how Higgins treats women, he tells Mrs Pearce that ‘I walk over everybody! ’ and to ‘Put her [Eliza] in the dustbin’. Higgins’ ideas about women are stereotypical for the context of the play; he says ‘I let a woman make friends with me, she becomes jealous, exacting, suspicious’. Shaw uses Higgins dismissive attitude towards women to present the criticisms of the upper classes prejudice ideas about women. Doolittle is introduced as a typical working class man and is stereotyped by Higgins as an alcoholic. Shaw presents the sexist attitude of men using a dramatic parallel between Higgins and Doolittle as they are both using Eliza for financial gain. He uses Doolittle’s character to represent the serious point of how the working class were judged as the ‘undeserving poor’. Higgins and Eliza represent the differences between her life, as a working class woman, and Higgins’s life, as an upper class man. Eliza says, ‘I tell you it’s easy to clean up here†¦wish they could see what it is for the like of me! ’. She isn’t used to the how the upper class live, she is surprised at how much she enjoys having a wash whereas upper class women are used to it which emphasises the difference between the different classes in society. Shaw also uses subversive comedy to criticise the moralities of Eliza’s father, Doolittle says ‘Me! I never brought her up at all†¦your free-and-easy ways. ’, he is harsh and has immoral views on how the working class should be treat, he exposes the hypocrisy of the Victorian society and their moralities. Shaw uses Eliza to represent the whole of the working class, an example is when she takes her first bath at Higgins’s home, she says ‘Gawd! What’s this? ’, she’s unaware that it’s a bath which exaggerates the point that the working class didn’t know cleanliness as the majority of them lived in such extreme poverty that they couldn’t afford it. Eliza’s room is described as sad and pathetic at the end of act 1 and this is juxtaposed with Mrs Higgins’s living arrangements, exaggerating the extreme poverty in which the working class lived in the context of the play. Shaw uses Mrs Higgins to poke fun at upper class values, ‘it is Mrs Higgins’s at home day’ which is where upper class women invite less fortunate people to their homes to discuss typical subjects. Shaw uses Mrs Higgins’s vanity to show that upper class women believed they were above all other classes. Higgins’s speech in act 3, ‘you see we’re all savages†¦what the devil do you imagine I know of philosophy? ’, makes the serious point that, due to the cultured society at that time, the working class and middle class were differently educated and differently sophisticated. Shaw also uses Pickering and Higgins to poke fun at the upper classes attitude towards the working class women of the Victorian society. Pickering says to Higgins, ‘I hope it’s understood that no advantage is to be taken of her [Eliza] position. ’ to which Higgins replies, ‘What?! That thing! ’. Higgins doesn’t see Eliza as a human; he sees her as an object and believes he is above her affections, ‘I might as well be a block of wood’. There is a tragic comedy to Higgins’s views, which is that as he was born into an upper class family, he cannot help but have these views because he doesn’t see his views as being ‘immoral’. At Mrs Higgins’s at home day Eliza has her first test on her speech and dialect, but she soon returns to her old dialect, she says ‘they done the old woman in’ and what I say is, them as pinched it done her in’. The Eynsford Hills and Mrs Higgins cannot understand Eliza’s accent, which emphasises the class differences, but the Eynsford Hills accept her dialect as the new small talk to fit into society because they want to be accepted. Shaw uses tragic comedy to show that Higgins is using Eliza’s situation by trying to transform her into a perfect example of an upper class woman, but she cannot help but stick to her roots, again emphasising the difference between the working and upper classes. In the fourth act Higgins and Pickering treat Eliza brutally by being ignorant towards her and her feelings. Higgins objectifies her, ‘She wasn’t nervous. I knew she’d be alright. ’ He is aware that she is in the room but is ignorant towards her. He is only concerned for himself, ‘I felt like a bear in a cage’; he is being selfish and is unaware that his ignorance is affecting Eliza. Higgins’s character represents the stereotypical male of this context, his attitude towards women is patronising and undermining. Shaw gives Eliza’s character a voice in this act to show that even working class women can have power over men , she ‘drinks in his emotion like nectar’ because she knows she has finally touched his nerve but decides to walk away from it all and take responsibility for her situation which is en-powering for women in society. Shaw uses irony to make the serious point that even though Higgins could never treat Eliza as an equal, when he loses Eliza he feels lost, when he phones the police to search for her his Mother says, ‘I suppose he’s lost something’. Shaw uses Higgins’s misogynistic attitude to portray the patriarchal society of the context and the hypocritical nature of society, ‘She doesn’t belong to him. I paid five pounds for her. ’ he is totally unaware of women and just treats them as slaves. He often refers to the working class as ‘creatures’ and just see’s Eliza as his ‘thing’. He refuses to behave how upper class expect him to behave, he says ‘Eliza: you’re an idiot†¦which you please. ’ he doesn’t belong to society and he is isolated because of this. Another example of how Higgins represents men’s attitudes towards women is when Eliza believes she can make a good wife for Freddie; Higgins says ‘Can he make anything of you? That’s the point’. Higgins is portrayed to believe that it’s a man’s right to make something of a woman. Shaw’s play is an example of feminist literature, Eliza emerges into this independent woman who has a voice and isn’t afraid to speak up for women. She says to Higgins ‘don’t you be too sure that you have me under your feet to be trampled on and talked down. She is finally speaking up for herself and given a voice of her own, and is respected by Higgins when she does this. Eliza’s attitude for affection is desperate, so she accepts the affection from Freddie instead because she knows she will never get any love or affection from Higgins. He makes this clear when he says ‘I can’t change my nature; and I don’t intend to change my manners’, he treats everybody with the same mannerisms and Eliza realises that he could never treat her as an equal. This emphasises the criticisms of how society differs in this context and how women were viewed in the Victorian society.

What Is the Difference Between Ecosystem and Ecology free essay sample

Ecosystem is the physical system (an open system) in which the mutual interaction between biotic and aboitic component motored by the energy component is studied. While the Ecology is the science which study the interrelation between Abiotic (inorganic) and Biotic (organic) components as well as the interaction among the biotic component. To make it more clear, ecosystem is the fundamental unit of ecological study. Ecology and ecosystem are two confusing concepts for those who are not aware of them. Ecology is sometimes called study of nature. Well, it is, but it is much more than life sciences like biology and physics, and includes geography, environment, oceanography etc. It is a comprehensive study of organisms and their relation with the environment they live in and interact with one another. It includes the amount and spread of organisms and how and why their distribution is affected by their relationship with the environment. An ecosystem on the other hand is a subset of ecology and refers to a system that includes all the organisms in an area along with the physical environment they live in. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Difference Between Ecosystem and Ecology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many more differences between ecology and ecosystem that will be discussed in this article. What is Ecosystem? As described above, an ecosystem is the entire biological community in an area along with the physical and chemical environment that includes the non living, or abiotic components. An ecosystem boundary is not fixed in any way though sometimes they are obvious like a pond. However, those involved in studies of ecosystems generally demarcate the boundaries of an ecosystem for their convenience. The main focuses behind study of ecosystems are the processes that link the living organisms in an ecosystem with the non living things or components. The energy transformations and biogeochemical cycles are the two processes between biotic and non biotic components that make up the subject matter of any study of an ecosystem. Transformation of energy in an ecosystem begins with input of energy from the sun. This energy is utilized by plants through photosynthesis to make food. Herbivores eat these plant and carnivores eat herbivores for their energy requirements. This is an oversimplification of food chain really, and there are many food chains existing in an ecosystem that have cross links. These linkages are referred to as food web. Biogeochemistry is a study that includes elements of biology, chemistry and geology. It is a detailed study of how living systems influence and in turn are themselves influenced by geology and chemistry of earth. Thus it includes many aspects of both biotic as well as abiotic world. What is Ecology? We often hear phrases like ecologically bad or something that is not good for ecology. However, ecology is not a normative subject and is a purely an academic discipline. The vast subject of ecology is divided into 4 categories namely physiological ecology, population ecology, community ecology, and ecosystems ecology. Physiological ecology has to do with the response and effect of environmental conditions on a specific species. Population ecology studies the amount and distribution of species and the environmental factors affecting this distribution. Community ecology is concerned with particular number of species found in an area and their interactions, and ecosystems ecology studies the structure and function of entire population of living (biotic components) things, abiotic components, and their interactions. What is the difference between Ecology and Ecosystem? †¢ An ecosystem is a natural unit comprising all living and non living things in the area and how biotic and abiotic components function together while influencing each other. Thus it talks about not just the living organisms but also abiotic factors that affect life inside the system†¢ Ecology is the study of relationships between different organisms and their environment†¢ Ecosystem is thus a subset of ecology which is a vast subject area| Ecosystem is an ecological unit which includes all the organisms living in a particular area and all the abiotic (non living) features of the local environment. Ecology is the scientific study of the distribution and abundance of life and the interactions between organisms and their natural environment. The environment of an organism includes physical properties, which can be described as the sum of local abiotic factors such as insolation (sunlight), climate, and geology, and biotic ecosystem, which includes other organisms that share its habitat.

Beloved Adenuga Essays (1159 words) - Economy, Unemployment, World

Beloved Adenuga Essays (1159 words) - Economy, Unemployment, World Beloved Adenuga Professor Seifert ENGW 102 sec 10 13 September,2017 Unemployment of Graduates in Nigeria Nigeria is currently faced with a lot of problems which includes but not limited to Boko Haram insurgencies in the northern part of Nigeria, poor infrastructures, unemployment, bad road s , irregular power supplies , inadequate health system s , environmental pollution s , disunity as some are fighting for a division of Nigeria into two separate countries-Biafra war. These problems are so numerous that it will take years of collective effort s on the part of individual Nigerians to br ing this country into actualization as the giant of Africa. However, t his research will focus majorly on the issue of graduate u nemploy ment in Nigeria. It will answer the questions about the causes, effect s and solution s to this problem . The cause s of Graduate unemployment include corruption of political office holders, lack of investments in industrialization and inadequ ate job skill s of most graduates due to the poor educational system in Nigeria. Unemployment has majorly led to increased crime rate , prostitution and poverty. Unemployment also has psychological effects on the unemployed such as depression, low self-esteem and increased stress level. To solve this problem , there needs to be improvement in the quality of education at tertiary institutions to enable students to acquire the skills needed to make them employable , government policies should be made to encourage foreign investors and to favor the growth of small scale companies. There should also be enforcement of laws against corruption to prevent embezzlement of funds by government officials. To emphasis the need for the research on this topic, it is important to get an insight into the current trend of graduate unemployment in Nigeria. The graduate unemployment r ate in Nigeria increases exponential as about 200,000 people graduate from tertiary institutions yearly with no job opportunities available for them. The massive number of these graduates get compounded over time. In other words, majority of people that graduate in a year end up not get employed therefore adding to the number of unemployed graduates from previous years. This is proven by the usual massive turnout of graduates whenever there are little job opportunities available. Since the number of applicants for a job is massive, it makes it difficult to select people that are well qualif ied for the job. Employees are then forced to look beyond qualifications and employ people based on favoritism. Due to frustration, graduates take jobs that pay below their qualificatio ns or not even related to their field of study just to earn a living . That is, graduates that are meant to be working in factories, hospitals, business enterprises are found working in stores, in elementary schoo ls or doing other low pay jobs. In other cases, some graduates engage in criminal ac tivities and i llegal activities to make money majorly robbery, online scam, prostitution and drug trafficking. There are various factors that cause the m assive unemployment in Nigeria. This research will help answer the question: What are the causes of unemployment in Nigeria? It is very important to know the root of this problem because it will help makes the solution easy. One major cause of unemployment is the corruption of the government. The government embezzle funds and resources that are meant to create more job opportunities . Instead of investing m oney into building industries that will employ thousands of people, government officials prefer to use that money for personal enri chment. To reduce corruption the Economic and Financial crime commission(EFCC) in Nigeria must be strengthened and strict punishment should to given to political officers that are found guilty. In the research paper other causes as listed in the thesis will be discussed and solutions will be given to each of them. Unemployment has made the youth s to think of dubious and negative ways to make money. There is a term referred to as "419" in Nigeria, this is a corrupt practice in which the victim is convinced to give mo ney to a stranger. Unemployed young men usually engage in this practice to extort money from ladies overseas by disguising to be

René Descartes Proofs of Gods Existence

Renà © Descartes Proofs of Gods Existence Renà © Descartes (1596-1650) Proofs of Gods Existence is a series of arguments that he posits in his 1641 treatise (formal philosophical observation) Meditations on First Philosophy, first appearing in Meditation III. of God: that He exists. and discussed in more depth in Meditation V: Of the essence of material things, and, again, of God, that He exists. Descartes  is known for these original arguments that hope to prove Gods existence, but later philosophers have often critiqued his proofs as being too narrow and relying on a very suspect premise (Hobbes) that an image of God exists within mankind. In any case, understanding them is essential to understanding Descartes later work Principles of Philosophy (1644) and his Theory of Ideas. The structure of Meditations on First Philosophy - whos translated subtitle reads in which the existence of God and the immortality of the soul are demonstrated - is fairly straightforward. It begins with a letter of dedication to The Sacred Faculty of Theology in Paris, where he submitted it originally in 1641, a preface to the reader, and finally a synopsis of the six meditations that would follow. The rest of the treatise is meant to be read as if each Meditation takes place a day after the one prior. Dedication and Preface In the dedication, Descartes  implores the University of Paris (Sacred Faculty of Theology) to protect and keep his treatise and posit the method he hopes to ascribe to assert the claim of Gods existence philosophically rather than theologically. In order to do this, Descartes  posits he must make an argument that avoids critics accusations that the proof relies on circular reasoning. In proving the existence of God from a philosophical level, he would be able to appeal to non-believers as well. The other half of the method relies on his ability to demonstrate that man is sufficient to discover God on his own, which is indicated in the Bible and other such religious scriptures as well. Fundaments of the Argument In preparation of the main claim, Descartes discerns thoughts could be divided into three kinds of operations of thought: will, passions and judgment. The first two cannot be said to be true or false, as they do not pretend to represent the way things are. Only among judgments, then, can we find those sorts of thoughts representing something as existing outside of us. Descartes examines his thoughts again to discover which are components of judgment, narrowing his ideas into three types: innate, adventitious (coming from the outside) and fictional (produced internally). Now, adventitious ideas could have been created by Descartes himself. Although they do not depend on his will, he might have a faculty producing them, like the faculty that produces dreams. That is, of those ideas that are adventitious, it might be that we produce them even if we do not do so willingly, as it happens when we are dreaming. Fictional ideas, too, could have clearly been created by Descartes himself. For Descartes, all ideas had a formal and objective reality and consisted of three  metaphysical principles. The first, nothing comes  from nothing, holds that in order for something to exist, something else must have created it. The second holds very much the same concept around formal versus objective reality, stating that more cannot come from less. However, the third principle states that more objective reality cannot come from less formal reality, limiting the objectivity of the self  from affecting the formal reality of others Finally, he posits that there is a hierarchy of beings that can be divided into four categories: material bodies, humans, angels, and God. The only perfect being, in this hierarchy, is God with angels being of pure spirit yet imperfect, humans being a mix of material bodies and spirit, which are imperfect, and material bodies, which are simply called imperfect. Proof of Gods Existence With those preliminary theses at hand, Descartes dives into examining the philosophical possibility of Gods existence in his Third Meditation. He breaks this evidence down into two umbrella categories, called proofs, whose logic is relatively easy to follow. In the first proof, Descartes argues that, by evidence,  he is an imperfect being who has an objective reality including the notion that perfection exists and therefore has a distinct idea of a perfect being (God, for example). Further, Descartes realizes that he is less formally real than the objective reality of perfection and therefore there has to be a perfect being existing formally from whom his innate idea of a perfect being derives wherein he could have created the ideas of all substances, but not the one of God. The second proof then goes on to question who it is then that keeps him - having an idea of a perfect being - in existence, eliminating the possibility that he himself would be able to do. He proves this by saying that he would owe it to himself, if he were his own existence maker, to have given himself all sorts of perfections. The very fact that he is not perfect means he would not bear his own existence. Similarly, his parents, who are also imperfect beings, could not be the cause of his existence since they could not have created the idea of perfection within him. That leaves only a perfect being, God, that would have had to exist to create and be constantly recreating him.   Essentially, Descartes proofs  rely on the belief that by existing, and being born an imperfect being (but with a soul or spirit), one must, therefore, accept that something of more formal reality than ourselves must have created us. Basically, because we exist and are able to think ideas, something must have created us.

A Discussion of Corporate Tax Evasion and Legal and Ethical Research Paper

A Discussion of Corporate Tax Evasion and Legal and Ethical Considerations - Research Paper Example Firstly,understanding the means by which the tax base exists and funds public goods that benefit each and every citizen is a starting point upon which the reader should consider. Firstly, these tax dollars are ultimately not sent into oblivion to fund pork only pork barrel spending projects that many of the news outlets would have the citizen believe; rather, they are utilized as a means to provide highways, schools, equip law enforcement and firefighters, and provide for the national security of the nation. In such a way, the reader can seek to understand the severe implications of seeking to deprive the system of these funds and the way that it is ultimately reflected back into the community or region in which the corporate entity operates, draws from the labor pool, and provides for the education that it relies upon to recruit talented individuals. Whereas tax evasion is most commonly thought of on a personal basis, the fact of the matter is that personal tax evasion pales in comp arison to the untold millions, billions, even possibly trillions of dollars that go unaccounted for due to intricate accounting mechanisms, offshore accounts, and outright dishonesty with regards to the level of profits that many firms are willing to admit to the government. Although it is not the purpose of this research to identify the core level and underlying reason why this practice is so often engaged and to such a degree, it does not require a great deal of research or analytical thinking to categorize the answer to such a question within the framework of the rational actor approach.Within such a framework, the self interest of profit maximalization and/or greed comes to be seen as the main reason why such a practice is engaged with. (Slemrod 880). One of the most famous and primary ways that corporations seek to shirk their tax burden and responsibility is by utilizing offshore tax havens to hide and/or minimalize their profits (Martinez-Vazquez & Rider 56). This serves two functions. The first is of course to reduce the overall tax burden that will be affected for the fiscal year; whereas the second is to outright hide millions or even hundreds of millions of dollars outside of the purview of the tax system (Tzur 58). Such an approach is utilized by a great many corporate entities within the United States due to the fact that it is not expressly illegal to utilize tax havens as a means of minimizing the total amount of taxes paid. Such a level of tax dodging has meant that firms such as Google and Pfizer have been able to dodge billions in tax bills within just a few years